Boon Yih Mah
Mar 21, 20226 min
Updated: Mar 26
Both foreign and local postgraduate students who come from diverse backgrounds and experiences must work closely with their supervisors for the bond's growth. The mutual understanding and great faithfulness between them contribute to ensuring success till the end of the research journey. Clear and open communication on all aspects of the research can prevent students' dissatisfaction with the development of research work and relations with the supervisors. As a postgraduate student, you need to know how to get on with your supervisors by determining what you can reasonably expect and what can go wrong with your supervisors.
How to manage difficulties and maintain good relationships with your supervisors? A bad relationship such as the neglect of your supervisor in your study may be caused by several factors. You may face problems due to the clash of personalities, communication barriers arising from age, class, race, gender, and language, as well as differences in approach to work. Besides these personality factors, professional factors like insufficient knowledge in the supervised area, difference or lack of genuine research interest, and misinformed supervisors can be another challenge. The last factor is organisational factors such as having too many supervises, too busy with administration, inadequate support services, and lack of provision of equipment.
To avoid these kinds of problems, both postgraduate students and his or her supervisor need to make it very clear to each other to develop clear roles and shared responsibilities they will each take on. A postgraduate student needs to develop autonomy and independence without fully relying on his or her supervisors. There are various supportive resources like postgraduate studies institute, faculty's postgraduate unit, library, counselling unit, research and peer groups besides supervisors that may offer help if needed. A supervisor is in the position of facilitator while the postgraduate student is in a position where he or she is well-informed about the following:
Things to ask your supervisors
Things not to ask your supervisors
What to reasonably expect in the nature of supervision
As a supervise, you may expect your supervisors to offer the following aspects:
Having good knowledge and sufficient interest in your research area
Research and writing skills
Reporting and referencing skills
Determining the right direction of your research on the structure, scope, and methodology
Reading your work thoroughly and in advance
Clarifying on stages of the research constructively
Reviewing your proposal and thesis critically
Keeping you in touch with the latest updates
Sharing relevant resources to your research
Encouraging for publications in journals and presentations in conferences
However, do not expect or let your supervisors do these for you:
Knowing everything
Doing the research
Looking for articles
Collecting the data
Analysing the data
Editing the language of your proposal and thesis
Formatting the proposal and thesis
Reminding and pushing you always to complete the study
Being available anytime
Answering questions instantly
To get the most from the supervision, fix a meeting schedule throughout your entire study. Draw up an agenda for each meeting. You can consult your supervisor beforehand to determine what is on both agendas, particularly the current and long-term issues. This can be helpful to concentrate on the work to be discussed in advance. Before the meeting, decide the following:
Most convenient communication platform or channel
Questions that you need to focus on for each stage
Problems encountered during your study
What you feel you can ask in relation to your study
Every semester, there are certain milestones that each postgraduate student needs to achieve.o ensure the achievements of the milestones, each postgraduate student is recommended to follow a to-do list so that he or she can graduate on time (GOT). Below are the milestones for a full-time doctoral student (by research) to achieve within six semesters as a guideline proposed by the Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).
Semester 1
Research skills seminar organised by the Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS)
Training in Innovation and Entrepreneur Exploration (TIE2) organised by Malaysian Academy of SME and Entrepreneurship Development (MASMED), UiTM
Writing workshop using the UiTM template in Microsoft Word
Research methodology coaching sessions
Semester 2
Submission of the research proposal
Defence of Research Proposal (DRP) presentation
Academic writing series (to prepare for publications)
Colloquium at the end of the semester (if necessary)
Semester 3
Completion of the draft of Chapters 1, 2, and 3
1st concept paper publication
Colloquium at the end of the semester (if necessary)
Semester 4
Data collection and data analysis (throughout the semester)
Colloquium at the end of the semester (if necessary)
Semester 5
Thesis report (throughout the semester)
2nd paper publication
Letter of Intent (LOI) submission
Appointment of the internal and external examiners
Colloquium at the end of the semester (if necessary)
Semester 6
Thesis submission (within 3 months)
Viva voce
Based on the guidelines provided by the Academy of Language Studies (APB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), a full-time postgraduate student must sit for his or her Defence of Research Proposal (DRP) no later than 12 months of registration. To graduate, a student who is undertaking PhD by research needs to have two indexed publications at least one of which has been accepted or published. The journal must be an indexed journal (SCOPUS/WOS/MyCite) and other indexed journals recognised by APB as listed in the table below:
International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics
Journal of Current practices in language learning and teaching (CPLT)
Attarbawiy: Malaysian Online Journal of Education (ATTARBAWIY)
International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics
International Online Journal of Language, Communication and Humanities (INSANIAH)
To achieve the milestones mentioned above, here is the to-do list for a postgraduate student within six semesters.
Semester 1
Attend the following events:
Research skills seminar organised by the Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS) based on its schedule
Training in Innovation and Entrepreneur Exploration (TIE2) organised by the Malaysian Academy of SME and Entrepreneurship Development (MASMED) based on the IGS schedule
Writing workshop using the UiTM template in Microsoft Word
Research methodology coaching sessions such as statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Referencing workshops such as Mendeley or Endnote
Make appointments and meet main and co-supervisors:
Discuss the research proposal.
Discuss the application for funding grants (optional).
Write the research proposal for Chapter 1.
Conduct a pilot test.
Semester 2
Make appointments and meet main and co-supervisors:
Discuss the pilot test result.
Discuss the research proposal.
Write and finalise the research proposal.
Discuss the 1st research paper (conceptual).
Write the research proposal for Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Submit the research proposal.
Present in Defence of Research Proposal (DRP).
Apply research ethics clearance.
Attend academic writing or research-related workshops (to prepare for publications).
Attend/present in a colloquium/symposium/conference at the end of the semester (if necessary).
Semester 3
Make appointments and meet main and co-supervisors:
Correct the research proposal based on the examiners' comments.
Discuss and finalise the draft of Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Discuss the publication of the 1st research paper (conceptual).
Edit the thesis for Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Receive the research ethics clearance approval.
Attend academic writing or research-related workshops (to prepare for publications).
Attend/present in a colloquium/symposium/conference at the end of the semester (if necessary).
Publish the 1st research paper (conceptual).
Semester 4
Make appointments and meet main and co-supervisors:
Discuss the data collection.
Discuss the data analysis.
Discuss the 2nd research paper (pilot test).
Begin data collection and data analysis throughout the semester.
Edit the thesis of Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Attend academic writing or research-related workshops (to prepare for publications).
Attend/present in a colloquium/symposium/conference at the end of the semester (if necessary).
Semester 5
Make appointments and meet main and co-supervisors:
Discuss the draft of Chapters 4 and 5.
Discuss the publication of the 2nd research paper (pilot test).
Write the thesis of Chapters 4 and 5.
Publish the 2nd research paper (pilot test).
Submit the Letter of Intent (LOI).
Attend/present in a colloquium/symposium/conference at the end of the semester (if necessary).
Semester 6
Make appointments and meet main and co-supervisors:
Discuss the thesis in its final draft.
Discuss the viva voce preparation.
Edit the whole thesis report.
Submit the thesis in its final draft within 3 months.
Present in viva voce.
Correct the thesis based on the examiners' comments.
Submit the hardbound and soft copies.
Below are the resources that are essential for postgraduate students, particularly those who are doing PhD by research from the Academy of Language Studies, UiTM. Get ready by downloading the documents below as references for you and your supervisors.
Calendars
Guidelines
Supervision
Research Ethics
Publication
Research Proposal
Thesis
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